Mental disorder
A mental disorder is a clinically significant disturbance in a person's cognition, emotional regulation or behaviour.[1]
Criteria
According to APA's official diagnostic manual, DSM-5-TR, a mental disorder satisfies the following criteria:[1]
- reflects dysfunction in the underlying psychological, biological, or developmental process to mental functions;
- generally associated with distress or significantly altered functioning in social, professional, or other important activities;
The following are generally not considered mental disorders:
- expected response to external stress, such as the loss of a loved one;
- socially deviant behaviour
Symptoms
The manifested symptoms varies by type of disorder and individual.[1]
The following factors can influence the expression and identification of symptoms:[1]
- Gender identity,
- Sex,
- Cultural reference,
- Social role
Classification
APA's official diagnostic manual(DSM-5-TR) classifies mental disorder into about 20 general categories:
- neurodevelopmental disorder;
- psychotic disorder, such as the schizophrenic spectrum;
- bipolar disorder;
- depressive disorder;
- anxiety disorder;
- obsessive-compulsive disorder;
- disorders related to traumatic experience or other stress factors;
- dissociative disorder;
- somatic symptom disorders;
- feeding and eating disorders;
- sphincter control disorder;
- wake-sleep cycle disturbances;
- sexual dysfunctions;
- gender dysphoria;
- disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders;
- substance-related disorders and addictive disorders;
- neurocognitive disorder;
- personality disorder;
- paraphilic disorders;
- others